By sumanOn

After reading this article, learner will be able to understand the:

  • Nature of human motivation
  • Describe the nature of some important motives
  • Describe the nature of emotional expression
  • Understand the relationship between stress and emotion
  • Know how to manage their own emotions stress and attitudes
  • Role of the nurse in identifying and managing emotion and stress

MOTIVATION

Introduction of Motivation-

Motivation is an internal feeling and a psychological process which generates within an individual. A Person can motivate their subordinates while guiding them. Motivating means boosting people to take more initiative and attentiveness in the assigned work. It is the skill of persuading people to perform things voluntarily. Motivation is an internal mental state or an aroused feeling generated through fundamental needs or drives which force an individual to respond by generating a kind of pressure or desire to act.

The word “motivation” expresses why a person does something in their life. This means it is the powerful force behind the actions of humans. Motivation is the course of action which includes initiating, guiding and maintaining goal-oriented behaviours.

For example, Motivation can help you to reduce extra weight and boost your health. In short, it encourages you to act in ways that bring you closer to your aims. Motivation includes the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate human behaviour.

Definition-

Motivation is defined as the need for action for goal-oriented activities. This is a vital concept not only in psychology but also in business, schools and other fields. For example, we expect to do our best in our studies and become number one in the class, Businesses want people to purchase their products. Couples may want to change the behavior’s of their partners. All of these situations are examples of when you want to motivate yourself or others to do what you want them to do or what is right for you.

According to Carol (1969)- A need gives rise to one or more motives. A motive is a rather specific process which has been learned. It is directed towards a goal.

According to Rosen, Fox and Gregory (1972)- A motive may be defined as a readiness or disposition to respond in some ways and not others to a variety of situations.

Concepts of Motivation

  • Motivation arises from a basic need or impulse.
  • Forces a person to respond by creating certain tensions and impulses to action. It is a goal-oriented activity that you pursue until you reach your goal.
  • Achieving goals relieves tension caused by certain motivations.
  • Changing your goals can change the nature and strength of your motivations
  • Motives are internal states or excited emotions.
  • We experience motives as feelings of need and desire.
  • Motivation can be seen as a learned response or tendency, and as an innate quality.
  • Motives cannot be seen directly but must be inferred from people’s behaviour.

Types of Motivation

Psychologists have divided motivation into two main Types which are Extrinsic and Intrinsic.

Extrinsic motivation – This type of motivation comes from outside of the individual and often involves external rewards such as trophies, money, social recognition, or praise.

It includes the following motives:

  • Incentives
  • Bonuses
  • Allowances
  • Promotion and demotion
  • Rewards and punishment
  • Merit and Distinction certificates
  • Appreciation certificates and prizes

Intrinsic motivation –This type of Motivation is internal and comes from within the individual. It is concerned with the internal driving state which inspires an individual to behave in a particular way, such as solving complicated mathematics questions for the indulgence of solving a problem.

It includes the following motives:

  • Biological Motives: for example- Appetite, thirst, relief from pain, sleep, temperature regulation,
  • Inquisitiveness
  • Internal fears for example- fear of rejection
  • Psychological needs for example- the need for being accepted and valued by others.
  • Personal wishes for example- desire to gain power or dominance.

Other Types of Motivation:

The Incentive Theory has given the following two types of Motivation:

1. Motivation by Positive Incentives

2. Motivation by Negative Incentives

Incentives are external prizes and punishments which arouse an individual regarding an action.

Positive Incentives- It is a type of motivation that is resulted from positive incentives and rewards. The positive incentives provide a feeling of gratification and fulfilment. For example- Pay Increments, Job Promotions, bonuses, house allotments, achievement awards/ Certificates and other benefits offered to employees/individuals at an organization.

Negative Incentives- It is a type of motivation that is resulted from negative incentives. For Example- Negative incentives give a feeling of pain, displeasure or dissatisfaction. These are punishments. It includes demotion, penalties and fines enforced on individuals due to their poor performance.

Types of Motives :-

References:

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